Ear wax or wax impaction (impacted cerumen) is a common ear condition, that can cause decreased hearing or extreme ear pain, especially after swimming or shower. The treatment is simple and requires removal. The ear wax is removed with a specialized equipment, skilled hands and the procedure is painless at our clinic.

Dr ENT Recommends : It is advisable not to use Q tips or ear buds for wax removal ,as they can push the wax deeper inside and lead to a complications. For easy wax removal

Ear block or clogged ear can result from disorders of the external ear canal, the ear drum, the middle ear or inner ear. The characteristic feature is crackling sounds in the ear ,echo sounds in ear or muffled hearing .This condition is commonly observed in deep sea divers ,marines and individuals working in the aviation industry. If the clogged ear lasts for more than 24 hours ,it should be professionally examined.

Dr ENT Recommends : Properly drying of both ears after a swim or shower .A clogged or blocked ear can significantly affect the quality of life and daily routine, so if prolonged , it is highly recommended to consult an ENT Specialist.

Ear pain ,also known as otalgia or earache, is a common ear condition, especially among children. It can be concerning, especially when it comes with fever or ear discharge .It may effect one or both ears and at times, the pain can be so intense that it wakes you up at night..

Dr ENT Recommends : If you experience ear pain along with ear discharge, severe itching and hearing loss, and if the pain doesn’t subside, it is highly recommended to consult an ENT Specialist.

Ear swelling is a matter of concern in children as well as in adults. Swellings can be present in front of the ear, back of the ear as well as inside of the ear, all of these are extremely painful. It can be caused by infection(bacterial or viral) or trauma or secondary to some medical conditions. The ear swelling unresolved can cause difficulty in opening mouth(trismus) and difficulty in chewing the food.

Dr ENT Recommends If the swelling is in the back of the ear(Acute Mastoiditis) or due to trauma/sports injury(boxers ear), immediately rush to the ENT clinic, it can be an emergency situation.

The condition, also known as otorrhea or “runny ears,” is characterized by fluid coming out of ear canal. This fluid can be a transparent or foul smelling or a thick. It is typically caused by an infection in the external ear or the middle ear, often associated with a hole in the ear drum (otitis media with perforation). The colour of the discharge may be cloudy, yellow or greenish, but it can also be clear and watery or even tinged with blood, indicating potential serious issue.

Dr ENT Recommends that if you observe a discharge from the ear that is blood tinged , yellowish or greenish you should consider it as an ominous sign. In such cases we strongly advise seeking an urgent consultation an ENT Specialist for prompt management.

Hearing is one of the five special senses crucial for physical and mental wellbeing of a person. Any compromise in hearing can disrupt one’s quality of life. Hearing loss can result from issues in the external ear, the middle ear or the inner ear and occasionally it may be related to brain disorders.

Dr ENT Recommends that hearing problems can be quite bothersome if ignored. Therefore , we strongly advise seeking an urgent ENT consultation for prompt management.

Itching in the ears is a symptom and not a disease itself. The most common causes of itchy ears are nervous habits, ear wax, fungal infections or the early stages of an infection. Other potential causes include skin conditions like psoriasis or dermatitis, as well as metal or cosmetic allergies that can cause ear itching.

Itchy ears can also be a symptom of swimmer’s ear or otitis externa which is characterized by swelling, severe pain, Itching and even hearing loss.

Dr ENT strongly advises against using dry ear buds or q-tips, as they remove the protective layer of the skin in the ear canal, making the ear more susceptible to both bacterial and fungal infections, which can lead to pain and swelling .Timely medical treatment and ear cleaning by an ENT Specialist are essential for proper treatment.

Tinnitus ,often described as ringing noise in the ears, is the perception of sounds that have no external source. This ,means only the person experiencing it can hear it, and it is not audible to others. People often linen tinnitus to humming, buzzing, roaring sound or whistle in the ear.

Moreover, the tinnitus can be so bothersome that it disrupts sleep at night and affects both physical and mental wellbeing of the person . The causes of tinnitus vary and can include common issues like ear wax, problems in ear canal ,middle ear or inner ear disorders, and in some cases, even tumours of the inner ear (such as acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma).Other causes include repeated exposure to loud noise, Meniere’s Disease(associated with hearing loss and spinning) and stress.

Dr ENT Strongly Recommends that if you are experiencing tinnitus or ringing in your ear, which can sometimes be a symptom of hidden issue in the inner ear or brain, you should seek a proper ENT evaluation and management for best course of action.

Hearing loss is common caused by repeated exposure to loud noise, aging, diseases, medications and genetic factors. It can be attributed to problems in the ear canal(like wax blockage),middle ear(such as ruptured ear drum or otitis media) or inner ear.

Medical conditions like heart problems, strokes ,brain injuries or tumours can impact one’s hearing.

Certain medications, used for treating infections, cancer, or heart diseases have a potential to harm the inner ear, sometimes causing permanent damage.

Hearing loss is categorized into three types: Conductive hearing loss affecting the outer or middle air. Sensorineural hearing loss involving the hearing nerve or inner ear and Mixed hearing loss, as the name suggests, combination of the two.

Dr ENT Recommends Early diagnosis , thorough examination and hearing tests, particularly for sudden (sensorineural) hearing loss. In cases like these, prompt action can preserve hearing, while delays may lead to irreversible hearing loss and permanent disability.

'Bleeding ear' can be a frightening sight for both children as well as adults. Ear bleeds can occur as a result of an ear infection or from injury caused by inserting sharp objects or fingernails into the ears, ear trauma ,ruptured ear drums, or very rarely ear cancer.

Dr ENT Strongly Recommends that if bleeding is fresh and not controlled immediately, it is crucial to consult ENT Specialist as soon possible.

Dizziness or giddiness encompasses to a range of sensations, including feeling faint, woozy, weak or unsteady. It can create the false perception that either you or your surroundings are spinning or moving.

Dizziness is a common reason to seek medical help ,as frequent dizzy spells or constant dizziness can significantly disrupt daily life.
It’s important to understand that the human ear serves two functions: hearing and balance.

Dizziness or giddiness can stem from various ear-related disorders, especially inner ear issues like vertigo and BPPV( Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo),Meniere’s Disease(comes in attacks),Labyrinthitis’s(an infection or inflammation of inner ear),Vestibular Neuritis(Infection of balance nerve)and tumours of inner ear or brain .Other potential causes include neurological problems migraines, changes in the blood pressure or underlying medical conditions such as anaemia, low blood sugar, dehydration, motion sickness and certain medications. Additionally anxiety and stress can also contribute to dizziness.

Dr ENT strongly advises seeking early diagnosis and prompt treatment for dizziness, as it can greatly impact a person’s health and wellbeing. If you experience recurrent, sudden, severe or prolonged dizziness, seek emergency medical care immediately.

Providing ENT care for the elderly demands a special expertise and gentle touch, something they truly deserve . Let’s begin by looking at some common age related ear disorders. The most prevalent is presbycusis, which is age related hearing loss. It tends to occur after age of 65,affecting more than 50% of people aged over 75. Obtaining an early diagnosis and offering hearing amplification can significantly enhance the quality of life for the elderly, especially when they need it the most. Other disorders include dryness in the ears and frequent fungal infections.

Moving to the nose, it often becomes congested with age. Dryness and crustiness of the nose can also occur, leading to loss of smell With growing age as the nose becomes stuffy. Bleeding is also common complaint.

Regarding the throat ,the elderly often complain of dry mouth and frequent throat clearing due to dryness. Their voice may become hoarse or weak, a condition known as presbylarynx .The condition results from age related atrophy of soft tissues in the voice box, leading to a weaker voice and reduced vocal range and stamina.

Dr ENT strongly recommends a baseline hearing test for all individuals aged 65 and above. This not only ensures good quality of life but also promotes the mental well being of the elderly.

What is a nose bleed?
Nose bleeds or epistaxis is common occurrence in children and the elderly but can happen at any age. The bleeding originates from the tissue lining the inside of the nose, which contains very thin blood vessels that are prone to bleeding, especially when exposed to trauma or dry weather conditions.

In children, the most common cause is ‘nose picking’, while in adults, dryness and crustations which are aggravated by hot, dry weather are the leading factors. Other potential causes encompass nose and face injuries ,nasal or sinus infections, high blood pressure, bleeding disorders, liver issues ,blood thinning medications, nasal cancers. Other causes include injury to nose or face, nasal or sinus infections, high blood pressure, bleeding disorders, liver disorders, blood thinners, nasal cancers and rarely blood related cancers also manifest as nose bleeds.

Dr ENT Recommends following during a nose bleed
? Pinch the nose with your thumb and index finger for about 3 -5 minutes while breathing from mouth.
? Sit the patient leaning forward over basin to spit out any blood while breathing quietly through the mouth
? Apply ice compresses to the nose and forehead to help stop bleeding
If bleeding persists it is crucial to seek immediate medical help from ENT Specialist or an urgent care facility.

Sinuses are empty spaces in the head located around the nose and forehead. They play an important role in moistening inhaled air, reducing head weight, and enhancing speech resonance. Sinuses can become infected, usually following a common cold or FLU, which can block and cause inflammation of their inner lining, known as sinusitis. Other causes of sinusitis include allergies, dental infections, and autoimmune diseases.

Sinusitis typically causes symptoms like a blocked or stuffy nose, sinus headaches, pain around the nose, eyes, and forehead, swelling of the face and cheeks, and thick nasal discharge, sputum in back of throat with a chronic cough. Diagnosis involves using an endoscope (a small, lighted instrument) to examine the nose, and imaging may be necessary.

Dr ENT Recommends urgent evaluation of sinuses by an ENT specialist. Without proper investigation and treatment, the infection can spread to the eyes or brain or lead to chronic sinusitis, which may require surgery if left untreated.

Nasal blockage is a very common complaint in patients seen by ENT doctors worldwide.
Our nasal cavity is divided into two equal air passages by the nasal septum. Any deviation in the septum, whether by birth or due to a nasal injury, can result in a bent septum, leading to partial or complete nasal blockage. Other causes of nasal blockage include nasal allergies, nasal polyps, sinus infections, inflammation or enlargement of the turbinates, adenoid enlargement, and nasal tumours.

It affects the quality of life and may lead to sleep disordered breathing and rarely sleep apnoea. Moreover lack of sleep overall disturbes quality of life.

Dr ENT Recommends a proper evaluation by an ENT specialist, which may include diagnosis using an endoscope (camera) or imaging (X-ray/Scan).

Nasal allergy, also known as allergic rhinitis, is the inflammation of the inner lining of the nose caused by allergens such as pollen, dust, mould, perfumes, cold air, smoke, or skin flakes /dander from certain animals.

Nasal allergies occur when the immune system reacts to these external allergens(pollen, dust, mould, perfumes, cold air, smoke, or skin flakes /dander), releasing various chemicals which cause swelling of the inner nose lining (the mucous membranes), sneezing, and excessive mucus production.

There are two types of nasal allergies: Seasonal, which appears during specific seasons like spring and autumn, and Perennial, where in symptoms persist throughout the year.

Nasal allergies commonly present with symptoms like frequent sneezing (10-20 sneezes at a time) usually early mornings, nasal congestion, watery nasal discharge, itching in the eyes, nose, and the back of the throat. It may also be accompanied by cough, as many patients with nasal allergies also have asthma.

Dr ENT Recommends a proper assessment & evaluation by an ENT Specialist, along with blood tests and allergy testing to identify the specific allergen. Treatment options, including Intranasal Sprays, antihistamines and immunotherapy which can significantly improve your quality of life.

Nasal polyps are soft, painless protusions or growths that are found in the nose and sinuses. They are non-cancerous ,grape like, soft but firm and originate from the inner lining of the nose and sinuses, often fill the nasal passages. Nasal polyps are found in patients who experience severe and prolonged nasal allergies.

Symptoms of nasal polyps include complete nasal blockage, nasal discharge, headaches, loss of smell or taste, a stuffy or runny nose, nasal bleeds, post-nasal drip, a constant urge to clear the throat, and pressure or pain in the nose, face, or upper teeth.

Dr ENT Recommends urgent diagnosis of polyps because if left untreated, these polyps can reach deeper into sinuses and completely block them, causing sinusitis like picture, heaviness in head, sleep disturbances and loss of smell and taste. Diagnosis involves using an endoscope (a small, lighted instrument) to examine the nose and, if necessary, imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans.

Headaches often serve as the initial symptom in various Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) disorders. This occurrence stems from the fact that the nerves responsible for ear, nose, and throat sensations also extend deeper into the face and head. The most frequent reason behind these headaches is sinusitis, commonly referred to as a “sinus headache”. Following closely is "migraneous vertigo" or vestibular migraine, which not only brings a headache but also dizziness, balance issues, nausea, and sometimes vomiting. Additionally, ear infections, mastoid infections, and tonsil infections can trigger headaches.

Conditions like nasal polyps, nasal tumours, and ear tumours are known headache inducers. Headaches of ENT origin typically manifest as pain and pressure around the eyes, across the cheeks, forehead, along with symptoms such as nasal congestion, a runny nose, dizziness, and nasal blockage.

The other medical causes of headache include high blood pressure, Tension Headache, Cluster Headache, Migraine, Hormonal Headache and Eye related issues

Dr ENT emphasizes the importance of recognizing chronic headaches unresponsive to over the counter medications, as they may serve as early warning sign of underlying serious conditions like nasopharyngeal, nasal , ear or brain tumours, as these conditions can potentially worsen over time Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are strongly recommended in such situations.

Snoring is the result of the air flowing through blocked or over-relaxed nose and throat tissues, creating a hoarse or harsh sound as we breathe. Furthermore, snoring can be a disruptive issue not only for the individual but also for their partner and the entire family.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a condition characterized by upper airway dysfunction during sleep. This condition involves mouth breathing and snoring, increased respiratory effort, and frequent awakenings, all of these can significantly impact the quality of sleep. At the severe end of the spectrum is 'obstructive sleep apnoea' (OSA), a condition that demands attention due to its serious health implications.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is defined by pauses in breathing during sleep, often accompanied by snoring, mouth breathing, and occasional gasping. These interruptions can lead to a decrease in blood oxygen levels, posing significant health risks. In adults, obesity is the leading cause (accounting for 58%) of sleep apnoea, while in children, the most common cause is enlarged tonsils and adenoids.

Dr ENT Recommends a comprehensive evaluation, which includes an ENT examination, camera tests, and a sleep study. The results of these assessments will determine whether medical or surgical interventions are necessary.

Nasal fractures, commonly referred to as a broken nose, can result from direct or indirect forces applied to the nasal bone or cartilage. Such incidents often occur during falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, or assaults. Beyond the immediate pain and discomfort, these fractures can alter one's facial appearance and lead to breathing difficulties. In some cases, there may even be an underlying head injury, making prompt medical attention crucial.

Dr ENT strongly Recommends treating a nasal fracture as an ENT emergency, emphasizing the urgency of the situation. Immediate action is to seek medical assistance by rushing to Urgent Care or the nearest Emergency Room, or simply call for Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Your swift response could make all the difference in your recovery.

Loss of smell, medically termed anosmia, or the intriguing phenomenon known as smell blindness, manifests as the inability to perceive odors. This condition can manifest in varying degrees, from partial to complete, and may be either temporary or permanent.

It arises from a diverse array of causes, such as nasal polyps, nasal allergies, common colds, influenza, injuries to the olfactory nerves responsible for our sense of smell, brain trauma, nasal tumors and, most notably, as has been observed recently, in COVID-19 infections. The persistence of post-COVID anosmia remains a subject of ongoing concern, affecting numerous individuals within our communities.
It's important to note that there are also central or brain-related factors contributing to the loss of smell.

Dr ENT, a trusted authority in the field, underscores the necessity of a thorough ENT evaluation for diagnosis. This evaluation typically involves the use of an endoscope, a small and illuminated instrument equipped with a camera to inspect the nasal passages. Further smell test (UPSIT), imaging studies may be recommended when deemed necessary.

Nasal and sinus tumours or Sino-nasal tumors are enigmatic growths that manifest within and around the nasal cavity or within the sinuses and can present a complex medical challenge. These tumors may fall into two categories: benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Commonly, they find their roots in individuals who smoke, those exposed to workplace hazards such as wood dust, adhesives and paints industry, or those working with chromium or nickel. Other risk factors include alcohol consumption and exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, particularly the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Crucially, it's essential to recognize certain telltale symptoms, often referred to as 'red flags,' which warrant immediate attention. These symptoms encompass difficulty breathing through the nose, nosebleeds that persist for more than two weeks, facial swelling, especially in the cheeks and around the eyes, alterations in vision, the emergence of sores or lesions in the roof of the mouth, the presence of a neck lump, challenges in opening the mouth, shifts in voice quality, and unexplained weight loss.

Dr ENT Recommends urgent ENT consultation which can make a profound difference in the diagnosis and treatment of nasal and sinus tumors.

A sore throat, also known as acute pharyngitis, is characterized by discomfort, irritation, or scratchiness in the throat, and painful swallowing. The most common cause of a sore throat is infection, primarily viral and often associated with cold or flu. It can also result from a bacterial infection, commonly known as strep throat (streptococcal infection), which requires treatment with antibiotics. Rarely, allergies or heavy smoking can manifest as sore throat. Symptoms typically include fever, cough, body pain, headache, and a change in voice. In severe cases, the patient may struggle to swallow their own saliva.

Dr ENT Recommends Urgent Attention Needed if : (RED Flags)
There is drooling of saliva, difficulty in breathing occurs, difficulty in opening the mouth (trismus) is observed, fever exceeds 37.8 degrees Fahrenheit, there is blood in saliva, a painful lump in the neck is noticed, your voice changes to a "hot potato voice.", and there is swelling of the face.
If you experience any of the aforementioned symptoms, it is essential to seek an assessment and treatment from an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Specialist.

Dysphagia, also known as difficulty in swallowing or painful swallowing, is a condition characterized by pain during swallowing, typically without any accompanying fever or signs of infection.
The underlying causes of dysphagia can range from simple factors such as stress, allergies (allergic pharyngitis), dryness of the throat (commonly seen in the elderly), irritants, chemical exposure, muscle strains from yelling or prolonged loud talking, to more serious conditions like gastric acid reflux or neurological issues affecting the nerves responsible for swallowing or lumps, cysts and tumours.

If this symptom persists over a prolonged period, patients may experience unexplained weight loss and generalized weakness

Dr ENT Recommends seeking an early diagnosis and thorough evaluation by an ENT Specialist, which may include a camera test. If you're experiencing symptoms of dysphagia, don't hesitate to meet.

Globus Pharyngeus is a symptom that can create the sensation of a lump in your throat. It can result from increased muscle tension in the neck, throat irritation, and stress. The primary complaint associated with globus pharyngeus is a feeling of something sticking in the throat and, at times, pain while swallowing saliva, though it typically doesn't cause any difficulty in eating or drinking. This sensation can be heightened by stress and anxiety, and symptoms may vary from day to day. Globus Pharyngeus is more commonly reported in females under the age of 30.

Dr ENT Recommends seeking an early diagnosis and thorough evaluation by an ENT Specialist, which may include a camera test. If you're experiencing symptoms of dysphagia, don't hesitate to meet.

Reflux laryngitis, also known as Acid laryngitis, is a condition that results from the irritation and swelling of the vocal folds or voice box due to the backflow of stomach fluids, specifically acid, into the throat. This backflow is referred to as laryngopharyngeal reflux, where acid reaches the throat level and causes irritation. This condition is typically secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease, commonly known as Hyperacidity.

The symptoms of reflux laryngitis include frequent throat clearing, a sensation of a lump in the throat, a persistent need to cough or clear the throat, hoarseness of voice, and coughing, often more pronounced at night. Additionally, individuals may experience a sour taste in the mouth, with or without heartburn. Symptoms tend to worsen with the consumption of spicy foods, caffeine, and fizzy drinks.

Dr ENT Recommends: Reflux Laryngitis is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed within the community. Patients seek ENT help only after attempting various alternative treatments with little success, yet the condition persists. Fortunately, it can be easily diagnosed with the assistance of a camera test, and the treatment approach is typically conservative and rarely surgical.

The oral cavity is susceptible to ulcers or sores, especially when the immune system is weakened. The primary causes of oral ulcers include viral infections like herpes (aphthous ulcers), bacterial infections, fungal infections such as candidiasis or oral thrush, trauma (such as cheek bites or jagged teeth), ill-fitting dentures, consumption of hot or spicy foods, reverse smoking, skin disorders like lichen planus, blood disorders like leukaemia, drug allergies, vitamin deficiencies (such as vitamin C deficiency), exposure to radiotherapy (resulting in radiation stomatitis), and cancers.

Common complaints associated with oral ulcers include pain, difficulty in chewing food, trouble with speech, and an inability to consume hot or spicy foods.

Dr ENT Recommends having oral ulcers examined by an ENT Specialist, as sometimes the underlying cause can be a sexually transmitted disease or cancer which need urgent attention.

Tonsils are soft, round collections of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the throat. They play a crucial role in our immune system (especially children), as they help trap germs that can make us sick. Tonsillitis, or tonsillopharyngitis, is an infection of the tonsils caused by either bacterial or viral agents. Common symptoms include throat pain, fever, difficulty in swallowing, changes in voice, malaise, and earaches. Tonsillitis is most common in children, but it can affect people of all ages.

Dr ENT Recommends that, If the symptoms persists beyond a day ,and worsen it is essential to seek an ENT consultation to avoid complications, such as the formation of an abscess ( pus ) around the tonsil.

For some individuals, the frequency of infections increases, leading to recurrent tonsillitis and eventually chronic tonsillitis. In such cases, the recommended treatment is the surgical removal of the tonsils.

Tonsil stones, also known as 'tonsilloliths,' are small, whitish lumps with a cheesy or hard consistency that can be found on the surface or inside the tonsils. They are typically present on one side but can also occur on both sides. Tonsil stones often result in bad breath, a foreign body sensation, and a history of frequent throat infections. Over time, they can increase in size and may require removal at an ENT clinic. In cases of long-standing and recurrent issues, complete removal of the tonsils may be necessary.

Dr ENT Recommends professional help for the removal of tonsil stones. While many people attempt to remove these stones at home, doing so can lead to the formation of larger stones over time and may cause injury to deeper structures within the tonsil bed. It is advisable to consult with an ENT Specialist for the professional removal of tonsil stones.

Bad breath, also known as halitosis, can be embarrassing and, in some cases, may even cause anxiety. While it's commonly believed that teeth are the main cause of bad breath, in reality, it is often the tongue where a large amount of bacteria can grow, leading to unpleasant breath. Additionally, tonsil stones or tonsillolith can also contribute to bad breath.

Dr ENT Recommends seeking a detailed ENT evaluation as a necessary step in addressing bad breath issues.

Hoarseness of voice, or dysphonia, is a condition in which the voice sounds raspy, strained, breathy, and one must make an extra effort to speak or be heard. Hoarseness of the voice can be due to infections, mostly viral or bacterial.

Additionally, non-infective causes of voice changes include the presence of small non-cancerous lumps on the vocal cords, such as cysts, nodules, or polyps, as well as malignant (cancerous) lesions on and around the vocal cords. Other factors contributing to voice changes include acid reflux, heavy smoking, aging, stroke, thyroid problems, or neurological disorders.

Dr ENT Recommends that if the Hoarseness is not resolved within a couple of days with over the counter medications, it requires a medical attention. If it persists for more than two weeks, despite taking medications, an ENT consultation and a camera test are essential.

Vocal Nodules, also known as Singer's Nodules, are small, non-cancerous bead-sized lumps that can develop on the vocal cords. They result from repeated overuse or accidental misuse of the voice. This condition is commonly found in professions that require excessive use of the voice, such as singers, teachers, politicians, and Symptoms of vocal nodules include a hoarse voice, raspy sounds, strain while speaking, breathiness, and the need to exert extra effort to be heard. In some cases, individuals may experience a split voice.

Dr ENT Recommends early diagnosis and treatment, which can be easily achieved by examining the inside of the voice box with a tiny camera on a thin tube.

Vocal cord cysts are tiny, fluid-filled lumps that can develop on the vocal cords due to vocal cord abuse or misuse for long periods of time, often exacerbated by factors such as allergies and smoking. They are most commonly found in men between the ages of 30 to 50 and typically appear on only one side of the vocal cord.

The main symptoms associated with vocal cord polyps include a change in voice, difficulty in breathing, intermittent choking or experiencing a double voice, and sometimes aphonia or complete loss of voice.

Dr ENT Recommends diagnosis and treatment, which can be easily accomplished by examining the inside of the voice box with a camera test.

A swelling, lump or bump in the neck can be present anywhere between the jawbones and the collarbones. These lumps may appear in the middle of the neck or on the side, and they can vary in size and be either painless or painful.

Neck masses are quite common in infants and children. Some neck masses are present from birth and have embryonic origins, such as thyroglossal duct cysts, branchial cleft cysts, and dermoid cysts. Initially, these swellings are usually painless, but they can become painful if infected.

In adults, neck masses may develop due to viral or bacterial infections (Deep neck infections), ear or sinus infections, dental issues, throat infections, glandular fever, mumps, thyroid swelling, or, rarely, tumors.

A neck mass caused by an infection typically regresses with medical treatment. However, if a neck mass persists for more than three weeks without responding to medications, it should be a matter of concern.

Dr ENT Recommends considering red flags such as an increase in the size of the neck mass after two weeks of treatment, a mass that reduces in size but persists, voice changes, painful swallowing, trouble hearing, ear pain, unresolved neck or throat pain, unexplained weight loss, low-grade fever, or night sweats. In such cases, seeking urgent ENT consultation with proper scanning and imaging is essential.

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the anterior part of the neck, partially wrapping around the windpipe (trachea). It plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body.

Thyroid gland disorders are more common in females than males and can lead to visible enlargement, a condition commonly known as Goitre. The gland can also enlarge due to bacterial or viral infections, a condition referred to as thyroiditis (inflamed gland). While thyroiditis is self-limiting, it can cause pain, fever, and an imbalance in thyroid hormone levels in the body.

Enlargement of the thyroid gland can also occur in the presence of tumors, which can be either cancerous or non-cancerous.

Symptoms of thyroid disorders include a lump in the front of your neck, a feeling of tightness in the throat area, hoarseness (a scratchy voice), dizziness when raising your arms above your head, difficulty breathing (shortness of breath), coughing, difficulty in swallowing, and other metabolic symptoms.

Dr ENT Recommends that any thyroid mass should not be ignored, as it may have an underlying sinister cause, even if it doesn't initially cause symptoms.

However, as it grows, it can lead to symptoms such as neck swelling, voice changes, and difficulty swallowing food. If any of these symptoms persist for two weeks after taking medications, it is compelling to seek a detailed ENT Consultation thyroid tests, and a thyroid scan.

Salivary glands, as the name implies, are responsible for producing saliva, the transparent fluid in our mouth that aids in the digestion of food, maintains moisture in the mouth, and supports healthy teeth. These glands are located around our jawbones, namely the parotid gland, sublingual gland, and submandibular salivary glands. Additionally, many tiny salivary glands are found in the lips, inside the cheeks, and scattered throughout the mouth.

Salivary gland disorders encompass viral or bacterial infections, known as sialadenitis (swollen glands) or parotitis (inflammation of the parotid gland), salivary gland stones, autoimmune disorders like Sjogren's Syndrome, and salivary gland tumors.

Common symptoms include pain, swelling of the cheek or neck, fever, dry mouth (xerostomia), pain while eating, and very rarely, facial asymmetry.

Salivary gland tumors can develop in any of the three main glands. Most of these tumors are non-cancerous (benign), but malignant (cancerous) ones are not uncommon.

Dr ENT Recommends Any lump around the face or neck persisting for weeks, associated with painful chewing, eating and dry mouth requires a proper evaluation by ENT specialist and a Scan.

There is a common occurrence of foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat in children.
Ear, the most prevalent foreign body include food particles, insects, assorted toys, buttons, crayon remnants, small magnets, beads, and an array of miscellaneous items. Notably, insects can inflict considerable pain when they infiltrate the ear, warranting urgent removal.

Moving to the nasal cavity, foreign bodies tend to be more conspicuous in the one to four year-old age group. Curiously, children in this age range have a penchant for introducing soft objects, toys, clay, erasers, seeds, beads, and magnets into their nasal passages. Neglecting to detect and address these nasal interlopers can lead to protracted issues, including malodorous nasal discharge and inner nasal lining damage.

Yet, it is in the throat and the airway that the gravest concerns emerge, constituting bona fide medical emergencies. Here, one may encounter an assortment of foreign objects, including coins, food remnants, nuts, fish bones, plastic playthings, and various glass or metal items. Among these, the ingestion or inhalation of a button battery stands out as a particularly dire threat, carrying potentially life-threatening consequences

Dr. ENT Recommends If there is an observation or suspicion of a foreign body in a child's Ear, Nose, or Throat, it is imperative to seek immediate evaluation by an ENT Specialist.

Tonsils play a role in a child's immune system. These two oval-shaped lymphoid tissue pads, one on each side of the throat if infected may be of concern. Infection of tonsils is called Tonsillitis.

In children, it's not uncommon for tonsils to become infected, often due to viruses or bacteria (with bacterial tonsillitis sometimes referred to as strep throat). Tonsillitis is a frequent occurrence in children of all ages, often coinciding with common cold symptoms like a runny nose, fever, and cough.

Recognizable signs and symptoms of tonsillitis encompass swollen tonsils, a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and tenderness in the lymph nodes on the sides of the neck.

In children, another prevalent condition is hypertrophic tonsils, where the tonsils become enlarged, leading to challenges in breathing and, at times, swallowing. This condition may also give rise to sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and associated medical complications.

Dr.ENT Recommends that if a child experiences sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, or frequent tonsil infections (more than seven attacks per year), a comprehensive ENT evaluation and management are essential.

Adenoid hypertrophy is a common issue among children worldwide, affecting approximately one in three youngsters around the world.

The adenoids, which are pads of lymphoid tissue located at the back of the nose in children, can become enlarged due to infections. This enlargement can lead to nasal airway obstruction, forcing the child to breathe through their mouth, which, in turn, disrupts their sleep. Adenoid enlargement manifests through various symptoms, including runny nose, chronic cough, post-nasal drip, snoring, and sleep-disordered breathing in children. Additionally, obstruction of the eustachian tube(a muscular tube which connects the ear and nose) by enlargement of adenoids , can lead to muffled hearing, ear pain, crackling or popping sounds in the ear, and recurrent middle ear infections.

Assessing adenoid hypertrophy typically involves detailed ENT examination, visualizing the adenoids using a tiny camera mounted on a tube or through a simple X-ray.

Dr. ENT emphasizes the importance of evaluating adenoid enlargement, which can vary in severity, and recommends consultation with an ENT Specialist, particularly when a child exhibits symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing or hearing loss. Treatment options range from conservative measures to surgical intervention.

Glue ear, also known as otitis media with effusion, is a prevalent condition among children. Before starting primary school, eight out of every ten children may experience glue ear. This condition arises when the middle part of the ear becomes filled with thick fluid, resulting in temporary hearing loss. Glue ear can affect one or both ears, often following frequent upper respiratory tract infections, especially among children who attend nurseries or kindergartens.

Children with glue ear typically present with symptoms such as decreased hearing (often first noticed by teachers), earaches or severe ear pain that disrupts sleep, hearing sounds like buzzing, and occasional balance issues. If glue ear persists over an extended period, it can potentially impact a child's development and academic progress.

The diagnosis of glue ear can be established at an ENT clinic using a tympanogram, a simple test to detect fluid in the ear. Treatment options may involve conservative approaches and medical management with nasal sprays. However, if conservative treatments prove ineffective, the fluid may need to be surgically removed, sometimes with the insertion of ventilation tubes or grommets. These devices help maintain middle ear ventilation until it is entirely dry.

Dr ENT Recommends recognizing the challenges that glue ear can pose for children, especially regarding hearing loss. This hearing impairment often leads to behavioural changes and declining school performance, as children may struggle to express their hearing difficulties, resulting in unexpressed confusion. As such, an ENT evaluation, including a test for the ears, is crucial in addressing this condition effectively.

Every child develops speech at their own pace. However, if the child doesn’t talk as much as most children of the same age, it may indicate a speech delay.
A speech delay might be due to an oral impairment, such as problems with the tongue or palate (the roof of the mouth) or a short frenulum (the fold beneath the tongue), which can limit tongue movement.Many kids with speech delays have oral–motor problems. These problems occur when there are issues in the areas of the brain responsible for speech. This makes it difficult to coordinate the lips, tongue, and jaw to produce speech sounds. These children may also experience other oral-motor problems, such as feeding difficulties..

Hearing problems also can affect speech. Children who have trouble hearing may struggle with speaking, understanding, imitating, and using language.

Symptoms Include
? No babbling by 9 months
? No first words by 15 months.
? No consistent words by 18 months.
? No word combinations by age 2
? Problems following directions at age 2.
? Not speaking in complete sentences by age 3.
? Problems using the right words in sentences at age 4.

Dr. ENT recommends a comprehensive ENT evaluation, including hearing tests such as ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response).